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Arc flash PPE is determined by the amount of incident energy the arc could deliver to the worker, measured in cal/cm^2. PPE is organized into categories (levels) that map to specific energy ranges, with higher categories protecting against higher incident energies. Voltage alone does not set the PPE category, because the actual protection needed depends on the estimated incident energy, which in turn depends on factors like system voltage, available fault current, fault clearing time, and the worker’s distance from the arc. So the key parameter guiding PPE categorization is incident energy, not voltage, color, or any other non-energy factor.